Cello Suites free essay sample

I will argue that It was due to one exceptional cellist, Pablo Calls who helped ring the pieces to the attention of the classical music community and express their musical appeal in the concert hall idiom. With Calls intuitive stylists, the cello suites infiltrated their way Into popular culture Bachs cello suites are among the best known works of classical music (Sibling, 2009: Would, 2007), however, this was not always the case. It was not until a young Catalan cellist, Pablo Calls, discovered these monumental baritone works and performed them in 1901, that they rose onto concert platforms, Justified as real musicmonsoons, 000. . 660: Sibyls, 2009). This exploration of the unaccompanied cello suites was a new revelation in the music community, partly because for the best part of two centuries they were only used, almost exclusively as common practice exercises Monsoons, 2000, p. 660: Blue, 1980, After a decade and a half of perfecting the pieces, Calls toured over twelve cities in 1903 and 1904 promoting his evident romance with the suites (Sibling, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Cello Suites or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As the knowledge of the suites increased, more cellists took on the challenge of perfecting these works. Eke Dutch cellist Manner Balsam, who dedicated a good part of his life to the cello suites.In this way, a new medium emerged which saw composers become more interested in the cello as a solo Instrument. Thus Bachs cello works consequently became more popular among performers and listeners alike Monsoons, 2000, p. 660). The unaccompanied cello suites popularity Increased substantially after Calls reinvigorated interest in them, not only was his performance considered revolutionary, so was his interpretation (Blue, 1980, p. 143). Because these pieces ere thought only as technical exercises they were only ever performed with little musical depth Monsoons, 2000, p. 60), however Bach was never one to create something without meaning (Window, 2007). It Is hard to specify how the suites were Intended, as Bachs original manuscript is lost and the copy that closely depicts his Is Anna Magdalene Bachs transcription (Johnson, 2000, up. 660-661 ). Like most Baroque music there was little indication of how the piece should be played in the scores, so it was almost expected of the performers to Intuitively add it themselves. When Calls was presented with the Anna Magdalene copy he had the opportunity to reinvent the suites (Woodlot, 2007).Calls embellished, expressively accentuated and romanticists the pieces in accordance to his interpretation (Window, 2007). He added slurs and rubout to the prelude (Window, 2007), which were styles developed throughout the romantic era (Stilwell, 2002), styles that he grew up with, so it was only natural for him to play the pieces that way. This aided in the development of the pieces popularity as they had a Tory and a character about them, which made them more relatable to the audiences that were already accustomed to and fond of romantic music (Sibling, 2009).In the last ten years, Bachs unaccompanied cello suites, particularly the prelude, have found a place in popular culture with an appearance in the film Master and Commander (Universal Pictures, 2003) and in an advertisement for Volvo cars (2010). In doing so, audiences became more commercially exposed to Bachs Cello suites to such an extent that in 2007, the suites reached number one on the tunes classical USIA chart (Sibling, 2009, p. 8). But the fashionably of Bachs cello suites may lie more in the intrinsic beauty of the pieces more so than their use in films and ad campaigns.There is a multiplicity of genres suggested throughout Bachs cello suites (Sibling, 2009, p. 9). Eric Sibling argues that even though the music is from the baroque period one can hear peasant tunes with Juxtaposing post- modern minimalism, spiritual lamentations contrasting with heavy metal riffs, medieval Gigs and movie soundtracks (Sibling, 2009, p. 9). With such variety in the music and the stories created in each suite (Sibling, 2009, p. ), it may well be that Bachs pieces have found a place in popular culture due to this musical complexity and cultural versatility. If it were not for Pablo Calls intuitive performances the pieces, the piece may not have risen to their status today and may well have been relegated as mere exercise. His romantic rendition introduced Bachs cello suites to the world as concert pieces, which in turn inspired more cellists, composers and other musicians to delve into the interpretation of the cello suites.

Power Corrupts Essay free essay sample

APower Corrupts All Essay Throughout our life, a normal person’s life, we will have someone who we follow or look up to. Those types of people could either be your boss, a president, or maybe even one of your parents. What if your boss suddenly told you that now every morning you come into work you had to leave a dollar at his office door for working for him? That would not make you very happy that it would cost you a dollar just to go to work. This is just one example of how power can corrupt anyone. Even the most gentle and honest people can be corrupt by power and the need to control others. In the Green Mile, Percy uses his ability to push around the criminals, who came into the Green Mile. In Animal Farm, the pigs are able to use their knowledge to control the other animals through fear and changing rules. We will write a custom essay sample on Power Corrupts Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Finally, in the Lord of the Flies, the children began as innocent and gentle children, but turn into savages who want to kill and control the other children, again, through the need to control others. In Animal Farm, Napoleon and Squealer use their superior minds, and perfectly executed persuasion, to control and rule the other animals of the farm. The first time they used this ability was to control the others in the meeting that was held in the barn. Snowball and Napoleon were arguing over the idea of building a windmill or whether it was a good idea, and were just worrying about whether or not their needs were going to be met. It looked like Snowball was going to win the argument to build the windmill, but then, after Napoleon gives a strange whistle, nine enormous dogs come charging into the barn and chase Snowball off the farm. After the dogs had chased Snowball off the farm, they returned to Napoleon’s side. Napoleon then said that there would be no more meetings, therefore no more debates, therefore no windmill. This would mean that Napoleon and the pigs would now be making all the decisions. Now that Napoleon had all control over the farm and its future, he was able to change the rules that were first set up when the farm was taken over by the animals, called the â€Å"Seven Commandments†. They basically stated that they should not be like humans and that animals should do no harm to other animals. These rules were quickly broken by Napoleon and the pigs. The most important rule of all the seven rules were that â€Å"All animals are equal†, but this was changed near the end of the book to â€Å"All animals are equal but some are more equal than others†. This is important because it meant now that Napoleon and his fellow pig members were now ‘more equal† really meaning more important, than all of the other animals. This meant now that Napoleon had complete control over all the other animals and could now have them do whatever he wants. In the Lord of the Flies, the children who crash landed on the island, begin to lose control of themselves and turn into savages. Two children, who were named Ralph and Jack, fight over who will be the leader. Ralph, the first child to take control of the children through the use of the â€Å"giant conch†, and his new friend Piggy, want the children to form a camp and sustain life by eating the fruit that the island was offering them. Jack, a rogue child, who only wants to control the children and hunt for food, begins to offer the children meat instead of just fruit. This makes the children become more close and friendly towards Jack. Jack uses this power later in the book to raid Ralph’s camp and take Piggy’s glasses which are used to make a fire. Piggy’s glasses are thought to possess power because the glasses can make fires. Ralph decides the next morning that they will travel to Castle Rock, the home of Jack’s tribe, and request them to return Piggy’s glasses. Ralph brings the conch and when they reach the castle he blows it to get the attention of the guards. Jack returns from a hunt and tells Ralph to leave his camp, but Ralph refuses until Piggy’s glasses are returned back to him. Jack and Ralph begin to fight each other. Jack orders his men to capture Eric and Sam and to tie them up. Ralph becomes enraged at this and attacks Jack once again. While they fight, Roger pushes a boulder down the hill, but Ralph dodges it, but Piggy is not as lucky, and is struck by the rock which throws him off the edge of the mountain and breaks the conch into a million pieces. This ends the importance that the holder of the conch be the leader since there is no longer a conch. Jack then throws a spear at Ralph, and then captures Eric and Sam, whom he tortures until they join him. This scene shows how Jack has lost control of himself and has forgotten that they are all children who are scared and just want to make it home safe. In the Green Mile, Percy uses his ability to push around the other criminals who are chained up and can do nothing about it. Percy is thought to be a bad person throughout the Green Mile. He works at a penitentiary called Cold Mountain Penitentiary. One of his jobs is to escort the new death row criminals onto the â€Å"Green Mile†. One time he does this in the book, is when he is walking Delacroix onto the â€Å"Green Mile†. As Delacroix is getting out of the van he was put in to transport him there, he trips, because Percy is pulling him too fast and he accidently grabs onto the genitals of Percy in an attempt to break his fall. Percy is enraged by this and uses his baton to beat Delacroix. Percy again uses his power over Delacroix during his execution. Now, before the cap is placed onto the criminals head, a wet sponge is supposed to be placed onto the forehead. This acts as a conductor so that all the electricity passes through the skin and goes to the prisoner’s brain to make the execution quick and painless. Percy did not do this, but not because he forgot to do it, but because he wanted to have revenge for Delacroix laughing after he had urinated himself when he was scared. Now, since he had left out the wet sponge, when the electric chair was turned on, Delacroix’ face burst into flames and he began to scream in pain. It was one of the most gruesome executions that Paul, the Warden of the â€Å"Green Mile†, had ever been a part of. Percy regretted what he did, but was still happy that he had got his revenge using the power he had to lead the execution. You may say, well why didn’t anybody say anything after Percy did all these horrible things? Well, it is because Percy used the old and I quote from the Green Mile, â€Å"my uncle is the governor so if you say anything I’ll make sure you are on the breadline by the end of the week†. By doing this Percy was able to make sure that he both didn’t get beat up by the other guards and also to be able to stay at the â€Å"Green Mile†, or to continue to stay in power. These three books are all examples of how power can and does corrupt someone’s thoughts and mind. Even the most innocent of children in Lord of the Flies were able to be corrupted by power. Some people enjoy having power though, like Percy. He enjoyed controlling the prisoners and having the ability to beat them. Then there is Napoleon, he used his intelligent mind and changing the rules to control the other animals. Power is something that only people who have the ability to reject the temptations that comes with having power. That is why people should just stay away from power in general.

Napster essays

Napster essays There are many different controversies when consulting the topic on Napster. Napster is a computer program that lets people download mp3 music files from other people with the program. Lots of people and music companies believe that this is bad and Napster should be stopped or should charge people. Many other people believe that that Napster is a good thing and should remain free of charge. There are many people who think that the way Napster is distributing music is bad. One reason they think it is bad is because they consider it stealing the copyrighted music. These people also believe that Napster should be shut down or they should start to charge people for the service. The way these people see Napster is that it is stealing their copyrighted music and then distributing it for free. There are other people who believe that Napster is a good thing and should stay the way it is, free of charge. These people think that the music on Napster is a great way for advertising that is also free. This is also a great way for new bands to get discovered and get more people to listen to them. These are the people that are fighting to try to keep Napster the way it is and keep it free of charge. Napster has gone to court to try and make a deal with the companies and the people against them. Napster has offered to try and block the copyrighted music to make the people happy but that was impossible to block all of them. The court ended up ruling for Napster to start to charge people to use the computer program. In conclusion, even thought there are many different controversies consulting the topic of Napster and the people, the court has now made a decision to make Napster charge people. There are still many people that strongly believe in both sides, but it is just time until Napster has to start charging people. ...

At a Crossroads

At a Crossroads At a Crossroads At a Crossroads By Maeve Maddox A reader is confused about this expression: Kindly explain the usage and difference, if any, of at a crossroad, at crossroads and similar phrases. Literally, a crossroad is a road that crosses another. â€Å"A crossroad† is the place where two or more roads intersect. â€Å"A crossroads† is also the place where roads intersect. In remote areas where roads lack signage, travelers at an unfamiliar intersection are faced with a directional decision that could have unpleasant consequences if they choose incorrectly. Figuratively, to be â€Å"at a crossroad† or â€Å"at a crossroads† is to be at a stage in one’s life–or the development of a country or an industry–when it is necessary to choose a course of action that will affect one’s future in significant and irrevocable ways. Both the singular and plural forms are seen, but the Google Ngram Viewer indicates that the plural form is more common. The expression is popular with writers who compose headlines and book titles: Trucking Industry at a Crossroads Cuba: Island at a Crossroad The Caspian Region at a Crossroad: Challenges of a New Frontier of Energy Global Health Governance at a Crossroads Cancer research at a crossroads in Germany Writers of novels and memoirs are also fond of it: I think you will agree that lifes plans are not always tied up in neat little packages. Occasionally we find ourselves at unexpected crossroads with more than one opportunity from which to choose. –Linda Lee Chaikin I see myself at crossroads in my life, mapless, lacking bits of knowledge then, the Moon breaks through, lights up the path before me  Ã¢â‚¬â€œJohn Geddes And having once chosen, never to seek to return to the crossroads of that decision-for even if one chooses wrongly, the choice cannot be unmade.  Ã¢â‚¬â€œJacqueline Carey To be at a crossroads is to be on the verge of making a decision: We stand at an absolutely pivotal crossroads in our nations history  that may well determine our future and way of life for decades to come. Three idioms that refer to the moment after the decision has been made are: 1. to cross the Rubicon This expression means to make an irrevocable decision. Its figurative meaning comes from Julius Caesar’s literal crossing of a small Italian river in 49 BCE. By leading an army across the Rubicon–the boundary between Gaul and Italy–Caesar disobeyed Roman law and began a civil war. Crossing the Rubicon is final. That’s the whole point of the expression. The following quotation suggests that the speaker doesn’t quite understand that once the Rubicon is crossed, there’s no turning back: I think the Port Authority, from a transparency/media point of view, has crossed the Rubicon as the result of recent controversies and its not going to be possible to re-cross it. 2. casting the die According to Suetonius, once he had crossed the Rubicon, Caesar said â€Å"Alea iacta est!† The Latin is usually translated as â€Å"The die is cast.† Die is the singular of dice. In those days, dice were used for gambling, but also for determining the will of the gods. Either way, once the dice have been thrown, the outcome has been determined. Example: â€Å"The Die is Cast: Russia’s Intentions in Ukraine† 3. no turning back The phrasal verb â€Å"turn back† means â€Å"to reverse the course of† or â€Å"to cause to go in the opposite direction.† Example: â€Å"For open government, there is absolutely no turning back.† In addition to representing a place where a crucial decision is made, a crossroad has sinister associations in history and in folklore. A place where two roads crossed was often chosen as the site of pre-Christian sacrifice. Recipes for black magic often include directions to bury something at a crossroads at midnight. Gallows were placed at a crossroads. The bodies of the executed–especially those of highwaymen–were left hanging as a warning. Suicides and others for whom Christian burial in consecrated ground was forbidden were buried at a crossroads. Related post: One Die, Two Dice Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a Sentence30 Baseball IdiomsNominalized Verbs

The Status of German Women under Nazism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Status of German Women under Nazism - Essay Example The end of World War I harkened the birth of several political groups in Germany possessing extreme views, such as those professing ultra-nationalistic and anti-democratic ideas. Adolph Hitler joined one of these groups known as the German Workers' Party. In the years following 1920, he became the leader of the party, later reorganizing and reorienting it to reflect his personality. He also renamed the party to the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP) or, as translated into English, the National Socialist German Workers' Party. Nazism was the term by which the party's ideology, its doctrines, and its policies came to be known. (Columbia Encyclopaedia 2004) The ideology of Nazism was based on an amalgam of doctrines of racism, nationalism, and what was known as the "hero-cult" espoused by various writers and interpreted by Hitler and others in works such as Hitler's Mein Kampf. Instead of a set of well-described principles, Nazism was a vague ideology glorifying myth, prejudice, and nihilist views. Control was paramount and democracy was viewed as a corrupt form of government that served to protect the mediocre and weak elements of society. Under Hitler, Nazism became national law in Germany. (Columbia Encyclopaedia 2004) Nazism was a reaction to the emancipation of society, which occurred as monarchies throughout Europe fell and as Marxist ideology grew in popularity. Nazism, contrasted to the Marxist emphasis on the desire for equality in property ownership, focused on issues of social equality, primarily the issues of racial superiority and inferiority. (Harvey 1999: 77+) The anti-feminist spirit of Nazism was related in a significant manner to the movement's racist ideology, according to Stibbe (1993: 35+), who writes that "[l]ike the Jew, the modern 'emancipated' woman was seen as an agent of degeneracy and national decline, bringing in her wake the 'destructive' forces of Bolshevism, democracy, and parliamentarianism." A hint of Hitler's perspectives on the role of women became apparent shortly after his assumption of power in January of 1933. In his government's handbook for Nazi leaders and their organisations and members, entitled and translated as The ABCs of National Socialism, the following translated entry, which was directed at Jewish women, appeared: "[T]he Jewish housewife, herself, is no picture of cleanliness, but idly sits around, painted up and powdered and adorned in silk and baubles" (Rosen 1933, cited in Guenther 2004: 92). But Hitler's views of women in German society were not restricted to Jews alone. Women, in general, were cri ticised for purchasing cosmetics, perfumes, and other luxury items rather than saving the money or spending it on household items. Hitler, both through the ideology he promoted and the policies he enacted, insisted that German women must "return to their pre-emancipation roles" (Guenther 2004: 93). The ABCs of National Socialism, as translated, stated (Rosen 1933, cite

Atermath of Katrina, Returning to a Workplace Essay

Atermath of Katrina, Returning to a Workplace - Essay Example My primary concern as an Industrial Hygienist deputed to clean up the hospital in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina would be to prevent or control the spread of infectious diseases such as diarrhea, flu, cold and TB. Because as evidence from similar natural catastrophes suggests, the people returning to New Orleans are likely to suffer from these diseases in the immediate aftermath of Katrina. Gastroenteritis is also likely to be prevalent. Hence I would order my team and also avail of services from other disaster relief personnel and design an basic hygiene awareness program for the hospital. For example, proper hand-washing techniques will be demonstrated to all concerned. Along with practical demonstrations, I would make posters, fliers and email postings to reiterate the proper technique of hand washing. I would place bottles of Gel hand sanitizers at important access points within the hospital. Other infectious diseases that I would try to prevent or control include rashes and skin infections. Once any of these diseases is identified in the surrounding population, it is imperative that diseased individuals are separated from the crowd so as to stop further spread. All the beds and chairs within the hospital will be scanned for fomites. It is advisable to remove soiled cots, mattresses and bed spreads from the premises. (Chew, et. al, 2006) I would also be concerned about the mold and endotoxin levels in the hospital environment. I will involve the two technicians in my team to bring samples and perform tests for ascertaining mold and endotoxin levels. It is imperative that they wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as respirators. The advice would be to wear elastomeric respirators. Alongside mold and endotoxin level measurement, I would implement the process of deconstruction, which entails removal of soiled and muddied carpets, removal of

Diversity and Multiculturalism Essay Example for Free

Diversity and Multiculturalism Essay Minority is a word describing a group representing a population smaller than the State. They are people of distinct culture, religion, language and ethnicity from the norms of the Society. Any group resembling the stated characteristics is a Minority. This description clearly emphasizes the rebuttal of Human Rights to people who are not living within the standards of the society. Group Rights or Minority Rights, in a popular manner, speaks of the Ethnic discrimination to some and a due right to others. Moreover, a conflict begins when an individual claims of his/her minority group and yet, the State does not recognize a Minority. The group rights tend to protect a certain group and reflects the other laws excluded on their existence, which for many individuals is a direct discrimination. Primarily, rights are powers to act in accordance with the existing system having values and principles approved by the society. It is a claim or title, whether legal, descriptive and moral (Sutton, 2001). The controversy exists regarding group rights on the term called Multiculturalism. This kind of group right often pertains to a member of an ethnic or religious group. Scholars perceive this kind of group right as a barrier to the actions that most ethnic groups have before there was â€Å"civilization. † It is a form of oppression because the majority opposes those traditional beliefs and pursues the so-called â€Å"equality† to such people. Group rights exist to discriminate, oppose and eliminate the traditional acts for the satisfaction of the majority. MULTICULTURALISM Multiculturalism is the opinion that all cultures, from tribesmen and modern civilization, to be equal. However, equality does not address the century old problem because of diverse conditions. Thus, multiculturalism confers with egalitarianism. The objective of multiculturalism is to obliterate the value of free, industrialized civilization, by declaring such civilization no better than the primitive tribalism. It wants to incapacitate the mind’s ability to differentiate good from evil, to differentiate life promoting to what life is negating. Some oppose this principle because they reason out that everyone has a right to moral judgment. The ideas and culture of a specific community should have recognition and respect. ISSUES ON MULTICULTURALISM Many question how the individuals would respect such minority rights if the problem remains on cultural differences. The argument of the multiculturalists’ defenders is that all cultures are equal and some factors coming from this culture are superior to the universal values. Some fruits of Enlightenment and egalitarian movements root from the cultural proponents. Colorful ethnic attire and interesting cuisine may seem interesting and attractive. Nevertheless, with the reality of women and childrens oppression worldwide, multiculturalism is increasingly a policy to maintain that oppression (Kamguian, 2005). The crimes against women become the celebration of traditional cultures and religions with the ignorance on it disadvantages. Governments of Western foundation utilized the policy of multiculturalism in the past, which encourage and uphold the demands for group rights coming from native populations, ethnic minorities or religious groups. However, these cultures have societal cultures that employ members of meaningful ways of life across the full range of human activities, including social, educational, religious, and recreational life. Because these societal cultures play an essential role in the lives of members and because these cultures face extinction, they should have special rights for protection. This accord with group rights but that is not the case with the societal norms like slavery, female genital mutilation, forced marriages, honor killing and other horrors respected by the society. These horrible practices are within the multicultural principle but it the proper action is to eradicate it. The argument begins with multiculturalism, which acts as a substitute policy to ensure a tolerant and democratized compliance in a world that conflicts between cultures eradicate such values. Moreover, the argument leads to racism and tyranny, as the dominant group want to create a universal norm. Another argument consists of the human basic need for cultural attachments. This need then should have protection from validating and protecting different cultures. The supporters of multiculturalism contrast that individual rights is sufficient enough for protection of minority cultures or their way of life that has a consequence of having special group rights and privileges such as arbitrations from Sharia in Canada and allowances fro polygamous men in France. In other cases, group rights claim to have political exclusions, govern their principles and exempt them from the general law. Often, cultures are patriarchal and many cultures claim group rights are more patriarchal than the surrounding cultures. Examples are the common gender inequalities like child marriages, forced marriages, divorce systems biased against women, polygamy and clitoridoctomy. These cases violate women and children’s individual rights of the society. This respect for cultural traditions resulted to lack of support and voices for women and children and the marginalization of progressive forces. When one observes the culture of these minority groups, they would see how oppression and repression reside within their own communities. Not all cultures are equal even though humans’ possess culture, some may be better that the other cultures and others may possess values unacceptable to the society. Indeed the very idea of equality is the product of the Enlightenment and the political and intellectual revolutions that it unleashed (Kamguian, 2005). Forcing equality means to challenge accepted practices and believing in possibility of transformation. However, permitting the differences by the dominant culture is the acceptance of the society as a whole. The diversity movement is not imparting knowledge to students, but promoting racism. – Michael S. Berliner Racism is a notion directing one race as superior to another race. The affirmative action viewed by some is a form of ethnic diversity, a form of politically correct disguise. The belief of racism is that one’s convictions, values and character is particularly based on anatomy or â€Å"blood† and not by judgment. This view tends to see people of different pigmentation as different from the superior pigmentation. The spread of racism causes destruction of the individual in one’s mind. This individual then clings to another race, wanting to have that belongingness because of race diversity. Proponents of diversity seem to be the true racists because they see the world through the color of lens, hair and skin. To multiculturalists, values, thinking and human identity all cling to race. Multiculturalism establishes the oppression in equality. Proponents of diversity teach the youth that people having different cultures also have different capacities resulting to recognition of separatism and glorifying a specific race. This revolutionizes â€Å"racial identity† that aims to erect an unbridgeable perception on race differences. Hence, any cooperation between races is impossible because of their differences being emphasized. ETHNICITY AND GROUP RIGHTS The Ethnic Group has group rights that defend their members who want to exercise their right to behave and enables them to act diversely from the majority. The ethnic group supports their group rights and their representatives, subsequently. It is unnecessary and undesirable to put these rights in a metaphysical entity, which bear their independent human characteristics. In addition, the right in question resorts to be a negative claim. The majority should not forbid such groups to defend their rights. In fact, for the reason that they have the utmost power in defense, they should assist the minority to respect and bear the minority rights in a positive way. However, this can apply to a situation where the ethnic group does a grave misconduct not prevented by the existing rules and regulations. Another is that the ethnic group should observe the group rights, voluntarily and autonomously. People cannot defend a right not chosen by them. Sutton defines that in order to enact such rights they must show the capacity to understand to successful claimants (Sutton, 2001, p 21). The ethnic group rights should correspond with the human rights, as it would give them the right to protect such liberties whenever the majority, which also has human rights, opposes their ethnic habits. Nonetheless, the civil liberty of individuals and ethnic group rights come from the principle of prima facie rights, which explains the liberty experienced by the ethnic group due to these rights has limitations whenever the ethnic habits impose grave suffering or serious restrictions of liberty on other human beings. In general, the obligation of the majority has a duty not to restrict freedom when they wish to observe harmless habits and if the majority’s opposition puts a grave suffering to the ethnic group, then, they have to restrict such opposition (Hayry, 2007). Ethnic minorities do not have a group right to force or coerce their members into observing duties, which are not required by the principles of liberty and the avoidance of suffering (Hayry, 2007). Individuals have three duties, the duty not to inflict harm to another individual, the duty not to restrict unreasonably the freedom of others and the duty not to breach voluntary, harmless contracts. The first duty means for the individuals to act accordingly to the rule of the group without coercing such right. The argument then is the term ethnic group coerces their right because they did not choose the term themselves but a group will not defend a right not made by them. Hence, the general implication is to coerce such freedom, which they themselves have not freely assumed. The second duty restricts any enforcement of freedom, which proves to be unnecessary to the ethnic group. The majority would see that being a member of a minority group would enforce the second duty that is false in belief that will alter the norms. Conversely, everyone has the duty to restrict or condemn habits that will impose suffering and unwarranted restrictions of freedom. In general, the second argument gives the majority the right to restrict ethnic habits given that it will impose harm to the society but it should exceed the principles of equality and fairness. Most of the majority will regard the thesis of defense concerning ethnic habits, which they find different from the norms, false. This is natural, as the dominant groups want a homogenous society supplying the best foundation for human flourishing, even if it costs the principle of liberty and avoidance of suffering. Nonetheless, the significant patterns that endow social conformity should have actions in eliminating cultural diversity (Hayry, 2007). INDIVIDUALISM VERSUS MULTICULTURALISM The principle on individualism is the individual as the primary unit of reality and the ultimate preference of value. Contrary to what other opinions say, individualism does not deny the existence of a society rather the society as a group of individuals not above those individuals. Individualism sees every person as the end of himself and there should be no sacrifice of an individual for another (Stata, 1992). The achievement of an individual credits for himself/herself and not based on the achievements of others. Even though the society believes of individualism as isolation, it does not deny the cooperation but is a theory of the conditions living and working with other people as beneficial. In general, individualism gives credit to an individual and not on the individual’s membership with a society. The probable cure for racial differences is individualism or seeing the person not because of his/her race but because of his/her abilities. The diversity movement aims to teach the following: diversity awareness, diversity training, diversity hiring and submissions and diversity accommodations, which all refer to racial preference. The proper dose on racial issues is to appreciate individually and treatment of collective merits (Locke, 2000). CONCLUSION Protection of human rights in various fields becomes depressing in the past century. Many have resulted to war, as they protect their community from discrimination and sustenance of group rights. Before group rights, many institutions protected the safety of minorities. Three major periods existed in favor of minority group rights. The first period appeared in a non-systematic protection comprising mainly of incorporation of protective clauses, particularly in favor of religious minorities. The second period existed after World War I within the framework of the League of Nations. Lastly are the developments following World War II (Lerner, 2003) on group rights. With all these developments in minorities and group rights, still the existing truth on racial discrimination is emerging. Many say of diversity as an act of racism, that employing group rights does not prove to be efficient in eradicating discrimination. Briefly, group rights is not a power rather a suppression, racial diversity and oppression hiding in equality. References Berliner, M. Diversity and Multiculturalism. 24 May 2000 14 November 2007 http://www.aynrand. org/site/News2? JServSessionIdr009=rpsx4ci8k4. app7apage=NewsArticleid=5195news_iv_ctrl=1076 Sutton, P. Kinds of Rights in Country: Recognising Customary Rights as Incidents of Native Title. 2001. 14 November 2007 p. 29 National Native Title Tribunal. Hayry, H. Ethnicity and Group Rights, Individual Liberties and Immoral Obligations. 14 November 2007 http://www. bu. edu/wcp/Papers/Soci/SociHayr. htm Minority. 14 November 2007 http://www. terralingua. org/Definitions/DMinority. html Kamguian, A. Universal Rights versus Individual Rights. 6 July 2005 14 November 2007 http://www. iheu. org/node/1691 Culture and Multiculturalism. 14 November 2007 http://www. aynrand. org/site/PageServer? pagename=media_topic_multiculturalism Locke, E. Individualism – The Only Cure for Racism. 12 December 1997 14 November 2007 http://www. aynrand. org/site/News2? JServSessionIdr009=rpsx4ci8k4. app7apage=NewsArticleid=6167news_iv_ctrl=1076 Lerner, N. Group Rights and Discrimination in International Law. Boston: Martinus Nihjoff Publishers, 2003.